GROUND WATER
Ground water deals with the behaviour of sub-surface flow beneath the hydraulic structures viz cross drainage works, barrages, dams and hydroelectric power structures by preparing physical and mathematical model using Electro Hydro Dynamic Analogue (EHDA) and ANSYS, techniques & software respectively. Generally hydraulic structures in India are constructed on alluvial and permeable river beds in plain and thus face the problem of seepage beneath it. It was experienced that seepage endangers the stability of a work in two ways i.e. by piping or undermining and by uplift pressure. Thus, the study on hydraulic structure ensures safety against undermining and uplift pressure. In addition to that some important hydraulic parameters viz flow measurement of mountainous river, seepage losses through unlined/lined canals and ground water recharge through rainfall/applied irrigation are estimated using artificial isotope techniques. In canal lining lab, studies regarding optimization of lining are carried out since the cost and economy of lining depends upon water loss by seepage, materials used for lining, soil characteristics along the canal, position of ground water table etc.
Basically ground water is recharged naturally by precipitation and some extent by surface water but human activities including paving and development of urban areas have made very difficult to recharge ground water naturally. The increasing demand of water thus created alarming situation in most parts of India causing ground water overexploited and overburdened. Therefore, the ground water level is declining at exceeding rate thus necessitating to recharge ground water artificially.
In the water resource sector the Institute has glorious and vast experience and thus referred the task to prepare Detailed Project Report (DPR) and to provide technical assistance and advice in constructing artificial recharge structures etc. for augmenting ground water artificially in distt. Mahendragarh and Gurgaon of Haryana State.